Understanding the Impact of COVID-19 on PTSD in Pregnant Individuals
The COVID-19 pandemic was an unprecedented event that brought about significant stress and anxiety for everyone, but especially for pregnant individuals. As specialists at MotherToBaby, we encountered numerous expectant parents seeking reliable information amidst their fears. Fortunately, research indicated that the virus did not increase birth defects, but concerns about the emotional toll on pregnant individuals remain.
PTSD and Pregnancy
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by persistent mental and emotional stress following a traumatic event. Unlike post-traumatic stress that diminishes over time, PTSD symptoms persist. These symptoms fall into four categories and vary in severity. Notably, PTSD occurs more frequently in women than men, and pregnant individuals are particularly vulnerable. Studies show that 3% to 19% of pregnant people experience PTSD. After depression and nicotine dependence, postpartum PTSD ranks as the third most common psychiatric disorder during pregnancy.
Consequences of Untreated PTSD
If left untreated, PTSD can have lasting effects on the individual and their relationships, including bonding with their child and breastfeeding. Pregnant persons with untreated PTSD are at a higher risk of negative birth outcomes such as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, low birth weight, and preterm birth. Alarmingly, PTSD is linked to increased risks of suicide and substance abuse, leading causes of maternal death in the U.S.
Pandemic-Induced PTSD Risk Factors
During the pandemic, the primary concerns among pregnant individuals included the risk of infection and changes to birth plans due to hospital restrictions. The lack of expected social support from doulas, partners, and family exacerbated stress levels. Additional pandemic-driven stressors included unemployment and the loss of loved ones. These factors contributed to traumatic childbirth experiences, increasing the risk of PTSD.
Addressing PTSD in Pregnancy
Research has shown that PTSD was prevalent among pregnant individuals during the pandemic, with higher rates among Black and Latinx communities and those of lower socio-economic status. Given these findings, there is a vital need for PTSD screening during and after pregnancy to ensure comprehensive support. Providers are encouraged to follow up with patients who delivered early in the pandemic to assess their well-being.
Not everyone with PTSD requires counseling, but awareness of mental health options is crucial. As Peter Levine, PhD, a trauma specialist, noted, “Trauma is perhaps the most avoided, ignored, belittled, denied, misunderstood, and untreated cause of human suffering.” Pregnant individuals experiencing symptoms that affect their quality of life should seek assistance from healthcare professionals.
Resources and Support
As MotherToBaby information specialists, we are dedicated to connecting individuals with resources to support their health and well-being. We offer confidential information on medications for PTSD and the effects of anxiety, depression, and stress on pregnancy and breastfeeding. Contact us today or visit our Resource Hub on Mental Health during pregnancy and breastfeeding for support.
Additionally, the National Maternal Mental Health Hotline provides assistance at 1-833-943-5746 (1-833-9-HELP4MOMS). More information can be found here.
