Understanding Fish Consumption During Pregnancy
Authored by Ginger Nichols, a Licensed Certified Genetic Counselor at MotherToBaby Connecticut, this article explores the complexities of fish consumption during pregnancy, particularly focusing on the risks of methylmercury exposure and the health benefits that fish offer.
The Initial Concern
In 2004, the FDA and EPA released guidelines on limiting fish consumption due to methylmercury, causing concern among pregnant women, including myself. Having experienced multiple miscarriages and a premature birth, I became overly cautious about potential exposures. Despite my limited fish intake, the new guidelines led me to avoid fish entirely.
Widespread Caution
It turns out I wasn’t alone. An FDA study found that 21% of pregnant women in the U.S. reported no fish consumption in a month, while others consumed less than the recommended amount. However, fish is a nutritious food that should not be completely avoided.
What is Methylmercury?
Methylmercury is a toxic form of mercury found in various levels in fish due to environmental contamination. Larger, longer-living fish tend to have higher methylmercury levels. This substance is absorbed by our bodies and can accumulate over time, posing risks to the nervous system and, during pregnancy, to the developing brain of the fetus.
The Health Risks
Exposure to high levels of methylmercury can lead to neurological issues, but such cases involve contamination beyond typical grocery store levels. In pregnancy, high exposure can cause developmental delays and other severe health problems in newborns.
Balancing Risks and Benefits
Despite these risks, studies indicate that fish consumption during pregnancy is associated with better outcomes. Nutrients in fish, like Omega-3 fatty acids, may promote fetal development and mitigate potential methylmercury harm. The key is to choose fish low in methylmercury.
FDA Guidelines
The FDA recommends pregnant and breastfeeding women consume up to 12 ounces of low-methylmercury fish weekly, categorized as Best Choices and Good Choices. More detailed guidance is available on the FDA’s website.
The Takeaway
With approximately 60 fish types listed as Best and Good Choices, there are plenty of safe options for pregnant and breastfeeding mothers. It’s important to make informed decisions to ensure both maternal and fetal health.
For more information, visit the MotherToBaby fact sheet on methylmercury in pregnancy.
About the Author
Ginger Nichols is a genetic counselor at MotherToBaby CT, part of UCONN Health’s Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences. She specializes in occupational and environmental exposures.
About MotherToBaby
MotherToBaby provides expert information on exposures during pregnancy and breastfeeding. For questions, call their toll-free number at 866-626-6847 or text 855-999-3525. Visit MotherToBaby.org for more resources.
