The Importance of Pre-Pregnancy Weight Management for a Healthy Future
The year of the pandemic has been challenging, especially for doctors and essential workers who have faced increased stress. Recently, I completed a telehealth visit with a long-standing patient, and I am thrilled! My patient, who has struggled with weight loss for most of her life, is now motivated to achieve a healthier weight prior to her pregnancy. This lifestyle change is crucial for her safety and that of her baby.
According to a large US survey, nearly 60% of women are either overweight or obese. Unfortunately, obesity during pregnancy increases risks for both the mother and the baby. In early pregnancy, obese women face a higher risk of miscarriage, and later, an increased risk of stillbirth. Obesity also raises the chances of birth defects, including issues with the spinal cord, heart, face, and limbs. Moreover, detecting these anomalies poses a greater challenge, as higher body mass index can lower the rate of anomaly detection through ultrasound.
Compared to non-obese women, those who are obese have a heightened risk of heart complications, diabetes during pregnancy, sleep apnea, and blood pressure disorders such as preeclampsia. Due to these risks, obese patients require close monitoring throughout their pregnancy.
Studies and clinical practice indicate that obese women have an increased risk of cesarean section at delivery. Post-delivery, they may struggle with infections of the womb or cesarean incision.
January is Birth Defects Prevention Month, and this year’s theme emphasizes maintaining a healthy weight before pregnancy. Addressing obesity before conception is vital, as weight loss can significantly impact maternal and infant health. While genetics and medical history cannot be changed, lifestyle modifications can lead to lasting health improvements.
Achieving optimal weight can be pursued through various avenues such as nutrition, exercise, medication, or even surgery. These approaches should be personalized to each individual. During pregnancy, we recommend less weight gain for overweight patients—15-25 lb (6.8-11.3 kg) for overweight and 11-20 lb (5.0-9.1 kg) for obese individuals. It is essential to discuss a healthy diet and exercise plan with your doctor.
Remember, each individual is unique, and what works for one person may not work for another. By embracing our individuality, we can make informed choices for a healthier future for ourselves and our babies.
